Diameter Security Testing Methodology
A structured approach to identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in Diameter-based 4G/5G networks
Diameter Security Testing Methodology Overview
The methodology for testing Diameter protocol security focuses on identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in the AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) framework used in 4G and 5G networks.
This methodology provides a structured approach to identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in Diameter-based systems, enabling security professionals to thoroughly assess the security posture of 4G and 5G core networks.
Best Practices
- Always obtain proper authorization before testing
- Use test networks or lab environments when possible
- Coordinate with network operators
- Document all findings with clear remediation recommendations
Diameter Network Mapping
Identifying Diameter nodes, interfaces, and connectivity in the target environment.
Capability Assessment
Analyzing supported Diameter applications, authentication mechanisms, and vendor implementations.
Protocol Exploitation
Identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in the Diameter protocol implementation.
Security Control Assessment
Evaluating the effectiveness of Diameter security controls.
Detailed Methodology Phases
Key Techniques
- Diameter node discovery
- Interface mapping (S6a, S6d, Gx, Rx, etc.)
- Capability exchange analysis
Recommended Tools
DiameterScan
Diameter Node Mapper
EPC Scanner
Diameter Security Testing Workflow
Comprehensive workflow for conducting Diameter security assessments
Diameter Security Testing Tools
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| DiameterScan | Diameter node discovery and enumeration |
| Diameter Node Mapper | Interface and connectivity mapping |
| EPC Scanner | 4G/5G core network component discovery |
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Diameter Capability Analyzer | Testing supported applications and commands |
| Diameter Dictionary Builder | Analyzing AVP structures and formats |
| Diameter Exploitation Framework | Protocol-level vulnerability testing |
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| DEA Tester | Testing Diameter Edge Agent security |
| Diameter Security Control Analyzer | Evaluating filtering and policy controls |
| SS7map with Diameter extensions | Cross-protocol security testing |
Diameter Security Testing Checklist
Pre-Assessment
- ✓Define scope and objectives of the Diameter security assessment
- ✓Obtain proper authorization and documentation
- ✓Prepare testing environment and tools
- ✓Review network architecture documentation if available
Diameter Network Mapping
- ✓Identify Diameter nodes and interfaces
- ✓Map connectivity between nodes
- ✓Identify edge components and border elements
- ✓Document network topology
Capability Assessment
- ✓Analyze supported Diameter applications
- ✓Test authentication mechanisms
- ✓Identify vendor-specific implementations
- ✓Document supported command codes and AVPs
Protocol Exploitation
- ✓Test command manipulation vulnerabilities
- ✓Attempt AVP injection and modification
- ✓Test routing and redirect exploitation
- ✓Attempt man-in-the-middle attacks
Security Control Assessment
- ✓Test edge security controls
- ✓Validate filtering rule effectiveness
- ✓Attempt DEA bypass techniques
- ✓Test DRA policy enforcement
Post-Assessment
- ✓Document all findings with clear evidence
- ✓Assess impact and risk of identified vulnerabilities
- ✓Provide remediation recommendations
- ✓Present findings to stakeholders
Next Steps in Diameter Security Testing
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