Telco Security

Telecommunications Threat Intelligence Guide

Comprehensive framework for collecting, analyzing, and operationalizing telecommunications security threat intelligence to protect mobile networks and subscribers.

Threat Intelligence Framework
Understanding the telecommunications threat intelligence lifecycle

Intelligence Types

  • Strategic Intelligence: Long-term trends, threat actor capabilities, emerging technologies
  • Tactical Intelligence: TTPs, attack patterns, vulnerability exploitation methods
  • Operational Intelligence: Active campaigns, IOCs, real-time threat data
  • Technical Intelligence: Malware analysis, exploit code, network signatures

Intelligence Sources

  • Open Source (OSINT): Public reports, research papers, security blogs
  • Commercial Feeds: Threat intelligence platforms, vendor reports
  • Industry Sharing: GSMA, FIRST, telecom ISACs
  • Internal Sources: Network logs, security events, incident data

Intelligence Lifecycle

1. Planning

Define requirements and priorities

2. Collection

Gather data from multiple sources

3. Processing

Normalize and enrich data

4. Analysis

Identify patterns and threats

5. Dissemination

Share actionable intelligence

Threat Data Collection
Sources and methods for gathering telecommunications threat intelligence

Network Monitoring

  • SS7/SIGTRAN traffic analysis
  • GTP tunnel monitoring
  • SIP/IMS session inspection
  • Diameter message logging
  • Anomaly detection systems

Security Events

  • IDS/IPS alerts
  • Firewall logs
  • Authentication failures
  • Roaming fraud indicators
  • Subscriber complaints

External Intelligence

  • CVE databases
  • Security advisories
  • Threat intelligence feeds
  • Dark web monitoring
  • Industry reports
Threat Analysis Techniques
Methods for analyzing and contextualizing threat intelligence

Pattern Recognition

Identify recurring attack patterns and TTPs

  • Temporal analysis of attack campaigns
  • Geographic correlation of threats
  • Protocol-specific attack signatures
  • Victim profiling and targeting patterns

Attribution Analysis

Determine threat actor identity and motivation

  • Infrastructure analysis (IP ranges, ASNs)
  • Tool and malware fingerprinting
  • TTP comparison with known actors
  • Language and timezone indicators

Impact Assessment

Evaluate potential damage and business impact

  • Affected subscriber count estimation
  • Revenue impact calculation
  • Regulatory compliance implications
  • Reputation and brand damage assessment

Predictive Analysis

Forecast future threats and attack trends

  • Machine learning anomaly detection
  • Threat actor capability evolution
  • Vulnerability exploitation timelines
  • Attack surface expansion modeling
Telecommunications Threat Actors
Understanding adversaries targeting mobile networks

Nation-State Actors

Active
Motivation: Espionage, surveillance, geopolitical advantage
Capabilities: Advanced persistent threats, zero-day exploits, SS7/Diameter attacks
Typical Targets: Government officials, military personnel, critical infrastructure
Examples: APT groups targeting telecom infrastructure for intelligence gathering

Organized Crime

Active
Motivation: Financial gain, fraud, extortion
Capabilities: SIM swapping, SS7 fraud, cryptocurrency theft, account takeover
Typical Targets: High-net-worth individuals, cryptocurrency holders, business executives
Examples: SIM swap gangs targeting cryptocurrency exchanges and digital wallets

Hacktivists

Active
Motivation: Political statements, social causes, disruption
Capabilities: DDoS attacks, website defacement, data leaks
Typical Targets: Telecom operators, government agencies, controversial organizations
Examples: Anonymous-affiliated groups targeting telecom providers

Insider Threats

Active
Motivation: Financial gain, revenge, ideology
Capabilities: Privileged access abuse, data exfiltration, sabotage
Typical Targets: Subscriber data, network configurations, billing systems
Examples: Telecom employees selling subscriber location data

Researchers/Bug Bounty

Active
Motivation: Knowledge, recognition, financial rewards
Capabilities: Vulnerability discovery, proof-of-concept exploits
Typical Targets: Public-facing systems, mobile apps, API endpoints
Examples: Security researchers discovering SS7 and GTP vulnerabilities
Intelligence Sharing
Collaborative threat intelligence exchange in telecommunications

Industry Sharing Platforms

  • GSMA Fraud and Security Group (FASG): Global telecom operator collaboration
  • FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams): Cross-industry coordination
  • Telecom ISACs: Regional information sharing and analysis centers
  • MITRE ATT&CK for Mobile: Standardized threat taxonomy

Sharing Formats

  • STIX/TAXII - Structured threat information
  • OpenIOC - Indicators of compromise
  • MISP - Malware information sharing
  • TLP - Traffic light protocol for sensitivity

Best Practices

  • • Anonymize sensitive subscriber data
  • • Use appropriate TLP classifications
  • • Validate intelligence before sharing
  • • Establish bilateral sharing agreements
  • • Maintain audit trails
Operationalizing Threat Intelligence
Converting intelligence into defensive actions

Detection Engineering

Create detection rules and signatures

  • 1Develop IDS/IPS signatures for known attacks
  • 2Configure SIEM correlation rules
  • 3Implement behavioral analytics
  • 4Deploy honeypots for threat hunting

Preventive Controls

Block known threats proactively

  • 1Blacklist malicious point codes and GTIs
  • 2Block suspicious roaming partners
  • 3Implement rate limiting and throttling
  • 4Deploy signaling firewalls with threat feeds

Incident Response

Prepare for and respond to threats

  • 1Update incident response playbooks
  • 2Conduct threat-informed tabletop exercises
  • 3Pre-position forensic tools and procedures
  • 4Establish communication channels with peers

Risk Management

Inform business risk decisions

  • 1Quantify threat likelihood and impact
  • 2Prioritize security investments
  • 3Update risk registers with current threats
  • 4Brief executive leadership on threat landscape